How to use sudo inside a docker container?

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Normally, docker containers are run using the user root. I’d like to use a different user, which is no problem using docker’s USER directive. But this user should be able to use sudo inside the container. This command is missing.

Here’s a simple Dockerfile for this purpose:

FROM ubuntu:12.04

RUN useradd docker && echo "docker:docker" | chpasswd
RUN mkdir -p /home/docker && chown -R docker:docker /home/docker

USER docker
CMD /bin/bash

Running this container, I get logged in with user ‘docker’. When I try to use sudo, the command isn’t found. So I tried to install the sudo package inside my Dockerfile using 

RUN apt-get install sudo

This results in Unable to locate package sudo

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