After database problems on my provider side, I had to reset my admin user password. But then this user was not an admin anymore. In PhpMyAdmin I see that it has a user_status value of 0. How can I make this user an amin in WP dashboard ?

You actually want to look in the wp_usermeta table. Once in there, look for the entry that has ‘wp_user_level
‘ in it’s ‘meta_key’ column and has the matching ‘user_id’ that you would like to update. Then change that ‘meta_value’ to 9 or 10.
It is also required to update the ‘wp_capabilities
‘ meta_key value to ‘a:1:{s:13:"administrator";s:1:"1";}
‘
Link to current documentation:
http://codex.wordpress.org/Roles_and_Capabilities#User_Levels