Recently I’ve bumped into a realization/implementation of the Singleton design pattern for C++. It has looked like this (I have adopted it from the real-life example):
// a lot of methods are omitted here
class Singleton
{
public:
static Singleton* getInstance( );
~Singleton( );
private:
Singleton( );
static Singleton* instance;
};
From this declaration, I can deduce that the instance field is initiated on the heap. That means there is a memory allocation. What is completely unclear for me is when exactly the memory is going to be deallocated? Or is there a bug and memory leak? It seems like there is a problem with the implementation.
My main question is, how do I implement it in the right way?
24 s
In 2008 I provided a C++98 implementation of the Singleton design pattern that is lazy-evaluated, guaranteed-destruction, not-technically-thread-safe:
Can any one provide me a sample of Singleton in c++?
Here is an updated C++11 implementation of the Singleton design pattern that is lazy-evaluated, correctly-destroyed, and thread-safe.
class S
{
public:
static S& getInstance()
{
static S instance; // Guaranteed to be destroyed.
// Instantiated on first use.
return instance;
}
private:
S() {} // Constructor? (the {} brackets) are needed here.
// C++ 03
// ========
// Don't forget to declare these two. You want to make sure they
// are inaccessible(especially from outside), otherwise, you may accidentally get copies of
// your singleton appearing.
S(S const&); // Don't Implement
void operator=(S const&); // Don't implement
// C++ 11
// =======
// We can use the better technique of deleting the methods
// we don't want.
public:
S(S const&) = delete;
void operator=(S const&) = delete;
// Note: Scott Meyers mentions in his Effective Modern
// C++ book, that deleted functions should generally
// be public as it results in better error messages
// due to the compilers behavior to check accessibility
// before deleted status
};
See this article about when to use a singleton: (not often)
Singleton: How should it be used
See this two article about initialization order and how to cope:
Static variables initialisation order
Finding C++ static initialization order problems
See this article describing lifetimes:
What is the lifetime of a static variable in a C++ function?
See this article that discusses some threading implications to singletons:
Singleton instance declared as static variable of GetInstance method, is it thread-safe?
See this article that explains why double checked locking will not work on C++:
What are all the common undefined behaviours that a C++ programmer should know about?
Dr Dobbs: C++ and The Perils of Double-Checked Locking: Part I