I’ve tried to research prior questions on this topic but I believe that there was a better solution within the WordPress admin. How does one change the default URL path for blog posts?
It was previously */blog/title-of-post (but now the /blog/ part is gone).
You can create any structure you want for this on the permalinks settings page in the dashboard.
To set it to your example of /blog/title-of-post
Simply navigate to Settings -> Permalink.
Select the “Custom Structure” radio button and enter blog/%postname%/ into the text field there, then hit the save changes button.