I’m learning Spring 3 and I don’t seem to grasp the functionality behind <context:annotation-config> and <context:component-scan>.
From what I’ve read they seem to handle different annotations (@Required, @Autowired etc vs @Component, @Repository, @Service etc), but also from what I’ve read they register the same bean post processor classes.
To confuse me even more, there is an annotation-config attribute on <context:component-scan>.
Can someone shed some light on these tags? What’s similar, what’s different, is one superseded by the other, they complete each other, do I need one of them, both?
15 s
<context:annotation-config> is used to activate annotations in beans already registered in the application context (no matter if they were defined with XML or by package scanning).
<context:component-scan> can also do what <context:annotation-config> does but <context:component-scan> also scans packages to find and register beans within the application context.
I’ll use some examples to show the differences/similarities.
Let’s start with a basic setup of three beans of type A, B and C, with B and C being injected into A.
package com.xxx;
public class B {
public B() {
System.out.println("creating bean B: " + this);
}
}
package com.xxx;
public class C {
public C() {
System.out.println("creating bean C: " + this);
}
}
package com.yyy;
import com.xxx.B;
import com.xxx.C;
public class A {
private B bbb;
private C ccc;
public A() {
System.out.println("creating bean A: " + this);
}
public void setBbb(B bbb) {
System.out.println("setting A.bbb with " + bbb);
this.bbb = bbb;
}
public void setCcc(C ccc) {
System.out.println("setting A.ccc with " + ccc);
this.ccc = ccc;
}
}
With the following XML configuration :
<bean id="bBean" class="com.xxx.B" />
<bean id="cBean" class="com.xxx.C" />
<bean id="aBean" class="com.yyy.A">
<property name="bbb" ref="bBean" />
<property name="ccc" ref="cBean" />
</bean>
Loading the context produces the following output:
creating bean B: com.xxx.B@c2ff5
creating bean C: com.xxx.C@1e8a1f6
creating bean A: com.yyy.A@1e152c5
setting A.bbb with com.xxx.B@c2ff5
setting A.ccc with com.xxx.C@1e8a1f6
OK, this is the expected output. But this is “old style” Spring. Now we have annotations so let’s use those to simplify the XML.
First, lets autowire the bbb and ccc properties on bean A like so:
package com.yyy;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import com.xxx.B;
import com.xxx.C;
public class A {
private B bbb;
private C ccc;
public A() {
System.out.println("creating bean A: " + this);
}
@Autowired
public void setBbb(B bbb) {
System.out.println("setting A.bbb with " + bbb);
this.bbb = bbb;
}
@Autowired
public void setCcc(C ccc) {
System.out.println("setting A.ccc with " + ccc);
this.ccc = ccc;
}
}
This allows me to remove the following rows from the XML:
<property name="bbb" ref="bBean" />
<property name="ccc" ref="cBean" />
My XML is now simplified to this:
<bean id="bBean" class="com.xxx.B" />
<bean id="cBean" class="com.xxx.C" />
<bean id="aBean" class="com.yyy.A" />
When I load the context I get the following output:
creating bean B: com.xxx.B@5e5a50
creating bean C: com.xxx.C@54a328
creating bean A: com.yyy.A@a3d4cf
OK, this is wrong! What happened? Why aren’t my properties autowired?
Well, annotations are a nice feature but by themselves, they do nothing whatsoever. They just annotate stuff. You need a processing tool to find the annotations and do something with them.
<context:annotation-config> to the rescue. This activates the actions for the annotations that it finds on the beans defined in the same application context where itself is defined.
If I change my XML to this:
<context:annotation-config />
<bean id="bBean" class="com.xxx.B" />
<bean id="cBean" class="com.xxx.C" />
<bean id="aBean" class="com.yyy.A" />
when I load the application context I get the proper result:
creating bean B: com.xxx.B@15663a2
creating bean C: com.xxx.C@cd5f8b
creating bean A: com.yyy.A@157aa53
setting A.bbb with com.xxx.B@15663a2
setting A.ccc with com.xxx.C@cd5f8b
OK, this is nice, but I’ve removed two rows from the XML and added one. That’s not a very big difference. The idea with annotations is that it’s supposed to remove the XML.
So let’s remove the XML definitions and replace them all with annotations:
package com.xxx;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
@Component
public class B {
public B() {
System.out.println("creating bean B: " + this);
}
}
package com.xxx;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
@Component
public class C {
public C() {
System.out.println("creating bean C: " + this);
}
}
package com.yyy;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import com.xxx.B;
import com.xxx.C;
@Component
public class A {
private B bbb;
private C ccc;
public A() {
System.out.println("creating bean A: " + this);
}
@Autowired
public void setBbb(B bbb) {
System.out.println("setting A.bbb with " + bbb);
this.bbb = bbb;
}
@Autowired
public void setCcc(C ccc) {
System.out.println("setting A.ccc with " + ccc);
this.ccc = ccc;
}
}
While in the XML we only keep this:
<context:annotation-config />
We load the context and the result is… Nothing. No beans are created, no beans are autowired. Nothing!
That’s because, as I said in the first paragraph, the <context:annotation-config /> only works on beans registered within the application context. Because I removed the XML configuration for the three beans there is no bean created and <context:annotation-config /> has no “targets” to work on.
But that won’t be a problem for <context:component-scan> which can scan a package for “targets” to work on. Let’s change the content of the XML config into the following entry:
<context:component-scan base-package="com.xxx" />
When I load the context I get the following output:
creating bean B: com.xxx.B@1be0f0a
creating bean C: com.xxx.C@80d1ff
Hmmmm… something is missing. Why?
If you look closely at the classes, class A has package com.yyy but I’ve specified in the <context:component-scan> to use package com.xxx so this completely missed my A class and only picked up B and C which are on the com.xxx package.
To fix this, I add this other package also:
<context:component-scan base-package="com.xxx,com.yyy" />
and now we get the expected result:
creating bean B: com.xxx.B@cd5f8b
creating bean C: com.xxx.C@15ac3c9
creating bean A: com.yyy.A@ec4a87
setting A.bbb with com.xxx.B@cd5f8b
setting A.ccc with com.xxx.C@15ac3c9
And that’s it! Now you don’t have XML definitions anymore, you have annotations.
As a final example, keeping the annotated classes A, B and C and adding the following to the XML, what will we get after loading the context?
<context:component-scan base-package="com.xxx" />
<bean id="aBean" class="com.yyy.A" />
We still get the correct result:
creating bean B: com.xxx.B@157aa53
creating bean C: com.xxx.C@ec4a87
creating bean A: com.yyy.A@1d64c37
setting A.bbb with com.xxx.B@157aa53
setting A.ccc with com.xxx.C@ec4a87
Even if the bean for class A isn’t obtained by scanning, the processing tools are still applied by <context:component-scan> on all beans registered
in the application context, even for A which was manually registered in the XML.
But what if we have the following XML, will we get duplicated beans because we’ve specified both <context:annotation-config /> and <context:component-scan>?
<context:annotation-config />
<context:component-scan base-package="com.xxx" />
<bean id="aBean" class="com.yyy.A" />
No, no duplications, We again get the expected result:
creating bean B: com.xxx.B@157aa53
creating bean C: com.xxx.C@ec4a87
creating bean A: com.yyy.A@1d64c37
setting A.bbb with com.xxx.B@157aa53
setting A.ccc with com.xxx.C@ec4a87
That’s because both tags register the same processing tools (<context:annotation-config /> can be omitted if <context:component-scan> is specified) but Spring takes care of running them only once.
Even if you register the processing tools yourself multiple times, Spring will still make sure they do their magic only once; this XML:
<context:annotation-config />
<context:component-scan base-package="com.xxx" />
<bean id="aBean" class="com.yyy.A" />
<bean id="bla" class="org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor" />
<bean id="bla1" class="org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor" />
<bean id="bla2" class="org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor" />
<bean id="bla3" class="org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor" />
will still generate the following result:
creating bean B: com.xxx.B@157aa53
creating bean C: com.xxx.C@ec4a87
creating bean A: com.yyy.A@25d2b2
setting A.bbb with com.xxx.B@157aa53
setting A.ccc with com.xxx.C@ec4a87
OK, that about wraps it up.
I hope this information along with the responses from @Tomasz Nurkiewicz and @Sean Patrick Floyd are all you need to understand how
<context:annotation-config> and <context:component-scan> work.