How to assign a heredoc value to a variable in Bash?

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I have this multi-line string (quotes included):

abc'asdf"
$(dont-execute-this)
foo"bar"''

How would I assign it to a variable using a heredoc in Bash?

I need to preserve newlines.

I don’t want to escape the characters in the string, that would be annoying…

12 Answers
12

You can avoid a useless use of cat and handle mismatched quotes better with this:

$ read -r -d '' VAR <<'EOF'
abc'asdf"
$(dont-execute-this)
foo"bar"''
EOF

If you don’t quote the variable when you echo it, newlines are lost. Quoting it preserves them:

$ echo "$VAR"
abc'asdf"
$(dont-execute-this)
foo"bar"''

If you want to use indentation for readability in the source code, use a dash after the less-thans. The indentation must be done using only tabs (no spaces).

$ read -r -d '' VAR <<-'EOF'
    abc'asdf"
    $(dont-execute-this)
    foo"bar"''
    EOF
$ echo "$VAR"
abc'asdf"
$(dont-execute-this)
foo"bar"''

If, instead, you want to preserve the tabs in the contents of the resulting variable, you need to remove tab from IFS. The terminal marker for the here doc (EOF) must not be indented.

$ IFS='' read -r -d '' VAR <<'EOF'
    abc'asdf"
    $(dont-execute-this)
    foo"bar"''
EOF
$ echo "$VAR"
    abc'asdf"
    $(dont-execute-this)
    foo"bar"''

Tabs can be inserted at the command line by pressing Ctrl–V Tab. If you are using an editor, depending on which one, that may also work or you may have to turn off the feature that automatically converts tabs to spaces.

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