You’d get something like this on the ACF create/edit Field Group screen:
UPDATED Sep 25 2018 (UTC)
In the function for matching the rule on the term edit page, the $options['ef_taxonomy'] has been changed to $options['taxonomy'] — back then, the array key taxonomy didn’t exist (in my case), and it exists now, which I think replaces the ef_taxonomy key. Thanks @JordanCarter for noticing the key issue, and @VadimH for the initial answer’s edit. =)
In that function, I also added the if ( isset( $options['taxonomy'] ) ) check to avoid PHP’s “undefined” notice. Thanks @JordanCarter for noticing this.
@VadimH, you can use get_field( '{NAME}', 'term_{TERM ID}' ) to retrieve (and display) the field’s value, like so: