Determine whether integer is between two other integers

How do I determine whether a given integer is between two other integers (e.g. greater than/equal to 10000 and less than/equal to 30000)?

What I’ve attempted so far is not working:

if number >= 10000 and number >= 30000:
    print ("you have to pay 5% taxes")

if 10000 <= number <= 30000:
    pass

For details, see the docs.