How can I represent a range in Java?

Apache Commons Lang has a Range class for doing arbitrary ranges.

Range<Integer> test = Range.between(1, 3);
System.out.println(test.contains(2));
System.out.println(test.contains(4));

Guava Range has similar API.

If you are just wanting to check if a number fits into a long value or an int value, you could try using it through BigDecimal. There are methods for longValueExact and intValueExact that throw exceptions if the value is too big for those precisions.