How to find an available port?

I want to start a server which listen to a port. I can specify port explicitly and it works. But I would like to find a port in an automatic way. In this respect I have two questions.

  1. In which range of port numbers should I search for? (I used ports 12345, 12346, and 12347 and it was fine).

  2. How can I find out if a given port is not occupied by another software?

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