What is the difference between utf8mb4 and utf8 charsets in MySQL?

What is the difference between utf8mb4 and utf8 charsets in MySQL?

I already know about ASCII, UTF-8, UTF-16 and UTF-32 encodings;
but I’m curious to know whats the difference of utf8mb4 group of encodings with other encoding types defined in MySQL Server.

Are there any special benefits/proposes of using utf8mb4 rather than utf8?

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