Why do access tokens expire?

I am just getting started working with Google API and OAuth2. When the client authorizes my app I am given a “refresh token” and a short lived “access token”. Now every time the access token expires, I can POST my refresh token to Google and they will give me a new access token.

My question is what is the purpose of the access token expiring? Why can’t there just be a long lasting access token instead of the refresh token?

Also, does the refresh token expire?

See Using OAuth 2.0 to Access Google APIs for more info on Google OAuth2 workflow.

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