How to send push notification to web browser?

I have been reading for past few hours about Push Notification API and Web Notification API. I also discovered that Google & Apple gives push notification service for free via GCM and APNS respectively.

I am trying to understand if we can implement push notification to browsers using Desktop Notification, which I believe is what Web Notification API does. I saw a google documentation on how this can be done for Chrome here & here.

Now what am still not able to understand is:

  1. Can we use GCM/APNS to send push notification to all Web Browsers including Firefox & Safari?
  2. If not via GCM can we have our own back-end to do the same?

I believe all these answered in one answer can help a lot of people who are having similar confusions.

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