JavaScript closure inside loops – simple practical example

by 
var funcs = [];
// let's create 3 functions
for (var i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
  // and store them in funcs
  funcs[i] = function() {
    // each should log its value.
    console.log("My value: " + i);
  };
}
for (var j = 0; j < 3; j++) {
  // and now let's run each one to see
  funcs[j]();
}

It outputs this:

My value: 3
My value: 3
My value: 3

Whereas I’d like it to output:

My value: 0
My value: 1
My value: 2

The same problem occurs when the delay in running the function is caused by using event listeners:

var buttons = document.getElementsByTagName("button");
// let's create 3 functions
for (var i = 0; i < buttons.length; i++) {
  // as event listeners
  buttons[i].addEventListener("click", function() {
    // each should log its value.
    console.log("My value: " + i);
  });
}
<button>0</button>
<br />
<button>1</button>
<br />
<button>2</button>

… or asynchronous code, e.g. using Promises:

// Some async wait function
const wait = (ms) => new Promise((resolve, reject) => setTimeout(resolve, ms));

for (var i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
  // Log `i` as soon as each promise resolves.
  wait(i * 100).then(() => console.log(i));
}

It is also apparent in for in and for of loops:

const arr = [1,2,3];
const fns = [];

for(var i in arr){
  fns.push(() => console.log(`index: ${i}`));
}

for(var v of arr){
  fns.push(() => console.log(`value: ${v}`));
}

for(var f of fns){
  f();
}

What’s the solution to this basic problem?

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