Why are arrays covariant but generics are invariant?

From Effective Java by Joshua Bloch, Arrays differ from generic type in two important ways. First arrays are covariant. Generics are invariant. Covariant simply means if X is subtype of Y then X[] will also be sub type of Y[]. Arrays are covariant As string is subtype of Object So String[] is subtype of Object[] … Read more

Integer.valueOf() vs. Integer.parseInt() [duplicate]

This question already has answers here: Different between parseInt() and valueOf() in java? (11 answers) Closed 4 years ago. Aside from Integer.parseInt() handling the minus sign (as documented), are there any other differences between Integer.valueOf() and Integer.parseInt()? And since neither can parse , as a decimal thousands separator (produces NumberFormatException), is there an already available … Read more

How to test code dependent on environment variables using JUnit?

I have a piece of Java code which uses an environment variable and the behaviour of the code depends on the value of this variable. I would like to test this code with different values of the environment variable. How can I do this in JUnit? I’ve seen some ways to set environment variables in … Read more